Itchy skin? Try this instead of scratching

Scientists have found that rubbing or gently stroking itchy skin provides better relief than scratching, according to recent research that could change how people respond to this common irritation.

A 2020 study led by Tasuku Akiyama, an associate professor of dermatology and cutaneous surgery at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, demonstrated that stroking the skin of mice prevented itch signals from reaching the brain. The research showed that stroking sent a counter-signal that inhibited the uncomfortable sensation.

"Once you start scratching, sometimes you can’t stop," Akiyama said. "It’s called the ‘itch-scratch cycle.’ If you can resist it, you probably should resist it. Otherwise, there’s rubbing."

Researchers tested this approach on humans in a 2021 study, using electricity to create an itchy sensation on the arms of 61 participants. Results showed that gently stroking the area with a soft makeup brush reduced the itch at two different speeds. Stroking at about 1 inch per second, the rate humans typically find most pleasant, provided approximately 12% more relief than stroking at about 7 inches per second.

The technique works even when applied as far as three-quarters of an inch from the actual itchy spot, according to the research. This proves particularly useful for individuals dealing with bug bites or skin conditions like psoriasis, which can worsen with direct contact.

Scratching, by contrast, often triggers a problematic cycle. The pain from scratching temporarily overrides itch signals, but the action releases inflammatory molecules that create new itchy sensations. This creates what researchers refer to as the itch-scratch cycle.

The effectiveness stems from how the body processes itch signals. According to spatial contrast theory, itching occurs when a small cluster of nerve fibers becomes activated in one specific area. Rubbing eliminates this spatial contrast without causing skin trauma.

The brain interprets itch through an intricate system of nerve pathways that researchers continue to map and understand. Once the spinal cord receives initial sensory input, these signals journey through specific tracts before reaching deep brain structures that relay information to higher processing centers. Multiple regions work together to create the itch sensation, including areas responsible for emotion regulation, decision-making, and sensory awareness. Advanced imaging technology has shown that experiencing itch activates not just physical sensation centers but also regions tied to feelings and thought processes, which clarifies why mental state can affect how strongly someone feels itching.

People with chronic itch conditions, including those undergoing hemodialysis or those with urticaria, have long preferred rubbing over scratching for relief. This observation prompted scientists to investigate the practice more formally. The research adds to growing evidence that gentle touch therapies can effectively manage skin irritation without the risks associated with aggressive scratching.

Itchy skin stems from various sources, ranging from minor irritations to significant health problems. Insufficient moisture in skin tissues is the leading trigger. However, bites from insects, reactions to metals such as nickel or scented products, and inflammatory conditions like eczema and psoriasis also frequently provoke itching. More concerning origins include problems with kidney function, liver disorders, thyroid irregularities, and specific cancers affecting blood cells, such as Hodgkin lymphoma. Sometimes, itching appears without any visible skin changes, potentially indicating an underlying medical issue that requires professional assessment.

Stopping itch before it starts involves protecting skin health and steering clear of known irritants. Skin specialists advise using comfortably warm rather than hot water for washing sessions lasting under 10 minutes, choosing products without added scents or common allergens, and applying lotion while the skin is still slightly wet from washing, according to guidance from the American Academy of Dermatology. Additional protective steps include selecting garments made from breathable cotton in comfortable fits, avoiding wool and synthetic materials that may irritate the skin, running devices that add moisture to indoor air, and shielding the skin from prolonged ultraviolet exposure. Those with confirmed allergies or sensitivities must pinpoint and eliminate their personal triggers.

Multiple home-based approaches have demonstrated success in calming itchy skin, extending beyond the traditional rubbing technique. Baths containing finely milled oatmeal can ease discomfort because these grains contain compounds that combat inflammation and oxidative damage. Applying cool, damp cloths also decreases swelling and offers short-term comfort by occupying nerve pathways. The gel extracted from aloe plants offers multiple beneficial effects, including reducing inflammation, killing microbes, and adding moisture to dry or irritated skin areas. However, individuals should test a small patch first to confirm they tolerate it well. Additional options include applying coconut oil to dry areas for hydration, creating pastes from baking soda to balance skin chemistry, and maintaining consistent moisture through regular lotion application.

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